Caching Method Return Values

Suppose you have a time-consuming method that always returns the same return value when called with the same arguments. You decide to cache it. This topic describes how to proceed.

Caching the return value of a method

Adding caching to a method

1. Add a reference to the PostSharp.Patterns.Caching package.

2. Add the CacheAttribute custom attribute to the method that you want to cache. Such a method is called the cached method.

3. Now you need to specify which caching framework or caching server is to be used by the CacheAttribute aspect. We call this the caching backend. You must specify the caching backend by setting the DefaultBackend property. See Caching Backends for a list of caching backends.

   Important

   The caching backend has to be set before any cached method is called for the first time.

4. Unless all method parameters are intrinsic types such as int or string, you need to ensure that the parameter types generate a meaningful cache key. See Customizing Cache Keys for details.

Example

In this example, the return value of the GetNumber method is cached.

using System;
using System.Threading;
using PostSharp.Patterns.Caching;
using PostSharp.Patterns.Caching.Backends;

namespace PostSharp.Samples.Caching.MethodResults
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main( string[] args )
        {
            CachingServices.DefaultBackend = new MemoryCachingBackend();

            Console.WriteLine( "Retrieving value of 1 for the 1st time should hit the database." );
            Console.WriteLine( "Retrieved: " + GetNumber( 1 ) );

            Console.WriteLine( "Retrieving value of 1 for the 2nd time should NOT hit the database." );
            Console.WriteLine( "Retrieved: " + GetNumber( 1 ) );

            Console.WriteLine( "Retrieving value of 2 for the 1st time should hit the database." );
            Console.WriteLine( "Retrieved: " + GetNumber( 2 ) );

            Console.WriteLine( "Retrieving value of 2 for the 2nd time should NOT hit the database." );
            Console.WriteLine( "Retrieved: " + GetNumber( 2 ) );
        }

        [Cache]
        static int GetNumber( int id )
        {
            Console.WriteLine( $">> Retrieving {id} from the database..." );
            Thread.Sleep( 1000 );
            return id;
        }
    }
}

The output of this sample is:

Retrieving value of 1 for the 1st time should hit the database.
>> Retrieving 1 from the database...
Retrieved: 1
Retrieving value of 1 for the 2nd time should NOT hit the database.
Retrieved: 1
Retrieving value of 2 for the 1st time should hit the database.
>> Retrieving 2 from the database...
Retrieved: 2
Retrieving value of 2 for the 2nd time should NOT hit the database.
Retrieved: 2

Configuring the cache behavior

The following elements of the CacheAttribute aspect behavior can be configured:

• expiration (absolute and sliding),

• priority,

• auto-reload, and

• enabled/disabled.

Configuring caching with custom attributes

You can configure the CacheAttribute aspect by setting the properties of the CacheAttribute custom attribute. The inconvenience of this approach is that you have to repeat the configuration for each cached method. To configure several methods in a single line of code, you can add the CacheConfigurationAttribute custom attribute to the declaring type, a parent of the declaring type, or the declaring assembly.

When PostSharp processes the CacheAttribute aspect on a given method, it looks for configuration in the following order:

• the CacheAttribute itself,

• a CacheConfigurationAttribute attribute on the declaring class of the cached method,

• a CacheConfigurationAttribute attribute on any parent class of the cached method (starting from the declaring class to the parent class),

• a CacheConfigurationAttribute added to the assembly declaring the cached method. Note that all CacheConfigurationAttribute assembly-level attributes defined in a different assembly than the current one are ignored.

• the caching profile (see below).

Configuration is defined on a per-property basis. For each property of the cache aspect, the value set by the highest item in the preceding list wins.

Example

In the following example, the absolute expiration of cache items is set to 60 minutes for methods of the AccountServices class, but to 20 minutes for the GetAccountsOfCustomer method.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using PostSharp.Patterns.Caching;

namespace PostSharp.Samples.Caching
{
    [CacheConfiguration( AbsoluteExpiration = 60 )]
    class AccountServices
    {
        [Cache]
        public static Account GetAccount(int id)
        {
           // Details skipped.
        }

        [Cache( AbsoluteExpiration = 20 )]
        public static IEnumerable<Account> GetAccountsOfCustomer(int customerId)
        {
            // Details skipped.
        }

        public static void UpdateAccount(Account account)
        {
            // Details skipped.
        }
    }
}

Configuring caching with caching profiles

Using custom attributes to configure caching has two major inconveniences: it is hard to share caching configuration between several classes that don't derive from the same parent, and the configuration cannot be modified at run time. To work around these limitations, you can use caching profiles.

Caching profiles are useful in the following scenarios:

• to centralize the configuration of several cached methods (which may belong to different type hierarchies) into a single location;

• to modify the configuration of cached methods (such as expiration settings) at run time; and

• to completely disable or re-enable caching at run time.

Caching profiles are represented by the CachingProfile class. They are exposed on the Profiles property, which is a collection indexed by the profile name. The default caching profile is accessible via the Default property.

Using a caching profile

1. Set the ProfileName property of the CacheAttribute aspect or the CacheConfigurationAttribute custom attribute.

2. Configure the CachingProfile object exposed on the Profiles collection.

Example

The following code snippet sets the profile name to Account for all methods of the AccountServices class.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Threading;
using PostSharp.Patterns.Caching;

namespace PostSharp.Samples.Caching
{
    [CacheConfiguration( ProfileName = "Account" )]
    class AccountServices
    {
        [Cache]
        public static Account GetAccount(int id)
        {
            // Details skipped.
        }

        [Cache]
        public static IEnumerable<Account> GetAccountsOfCustomer(int customerId)
        {
            // Details skipped.
        }

        public static void UpdateAccount(Account account)
        {
            // Details skipped.
        }
    }
}

The following code snippet sets the absolute expiration to 60 seconds for all methods using the Account profile.

CachingServices.Profiles["Account"].AbsoluteExpiration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(60);

Disabling caching at run time

You can disable caching at run time by setting the IsEnabled property of a caching profile to false, for instance:

CachingServices.Profiles.Default.IsEnabled = false;
CachingServices.Profiles["Account"].IsEnabled = false;